秸秆粉碎还田回收机性能试验

在棉田对秸秆粉碎还田回收机进行机具性能试验,选定留茬高度、秸秆粉碎长度和抛送距离作为主要的性能指标,通过一系列正交试验和理论分析,用直观分析法和方差分析法揭示了影响秸秆粉碎还田机性能的主要因素.与实际生产相结合,确定了最优的参数组合,即秸秆粉碎还田回收机在刀辊的转速为1800 r/min,粉碎机具前进速度为5.4 km/h,甩刀刀刃离地最小间隙为8cm.实验结果表明,机具有较优的性能指标,为整机的设计研究提供了理论依据.     

微型联合收割机气流式清选装置的仿真研究

介绍了谷粒的基本物理特性,分析谷粒在水平气流中的运动轨迹与受力间的关系,设计出箱体式纯气流谷物清选装置,并确定了清选流场的守恒方程。借助Fluent软件,建立了气固多相流的欧拉模型,实现了谷物清选的仿真模拟并获得相关数据,论证了适用于微型联合收割机的气流式清选装置的可能性与可行性。     

基于Bayesian网的蔬菜质量安全追溯模型构建

蔬菜产品的质量安全是当前亟待解决的问题,只有从蔬菜的种植源头抓起,找出蔬菜生产过程中影响蔬菜质量安全的关键因素,结合蔬菜生产流程,建立完善的可追溯模型,才能真正实现蔬菜生产的质量安全监控.为此,建立了基于Bayesian网的蔬菜质量安全追溯初始模型,通过该模型可兼顾"事先"预防和"事后"追踪,从而保障蔬菜的质量安全.     

蔬菜脱水试验台传动装置设计

现有的蔬菜脱水设备生产能力较大,直接用于试验时,一次试验用料过多,更换加热方式麻烦,试验过程复杂.针对这些问题,设计了一小型蔬菜脱水试验台.该试验台体积小,一次试验用料少,大大降低了试验成本.对该试验台的传动和输送装置进行了详细的结构设计及计算,同时还对其张紧装置和张紧机构进行了改进设计.改进后的传动及输送装置结构合理、传动平稳且试验方便,为蔬菜脱水设备的进一步研究及其产业化奠定了良好基础.     

水浇地覆膜玉米吨粮生产技术研究

建平县老河川水浇地覆膜玉米田在玉米种植中通过群体结构优化,实现了玉米吨粮生产目标。介绍实现玉米吨粮生产的主要技术措施,包括地块选择、整地、品种选择、种植方式、密度、水分及施肥调控、病虫害防治等,以期为今后生产实践提供技术借鉴。     

植物种质资源圃规划建设的理论和方法

活体植株保存是植物种质资源保存的主要方式之一,世界上许多国家和国际组织都在建设种质资源圃以保存种质资源,我国政府已设立专项经费开展种质资源保护工作。种质资源圃的合理规划建设直接影响种质资源保存和研究的成效,本文在理论分析和实践总结的基础上提出种质资源圃建设的意见。     

Mid-storage and pre-sowing seed treatments for lettuce and carrot

Mid-storage hydration-dehydration treatments with medium-vigour lettuce seed very effectively reduced physiological deterioration in storage and ultimately showed better field emergence and final yield. Soaking-drying treatment of high-vigour lettuce seed was not effective. Pre-sowing treatment of medium-vigour lettuce seed, though less effective than mid-storage treatment, gave better field performance, but high-vigour seed did not benefit from the treatment. For carrot, both mid-storage and pre-sowing seed treatments proved beneficial, with the former showing better performance than the latter. Unlike lettuce, well-preserved carrot seed responded positively to the pre-sowing treatment.     

红薯稻田高产栽培技术模式

选用优质高产红薯品种超然966，研究在湘南气候条件下不同时期、不同密度、不同薯苗稻田种植的产量效应。结果表明，超然966在湘南地区稻田栽培选用上段苗或营养钵苗、密度每公顷5．7万株左右、5月上旬种植可获得较高产量。     

Nitrate leaching in a silage maize field under different irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer rates

Quantification of the interactive effects of nitrogen (N) and water on nitrate (NO₃) loss provides an important insight for more effective N and water management. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of different irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer levels on nitrate-nitrogen (NO₃-N) leaching in a silage maize field. The experiment included four irrigation levels (0.7, 0.85, 1.0, and 1.13 of soil moisture depletion, SMD) and three N fertilization levels (0, 142, and 189 kg N ha⁻¹), with three replications. Ceramic suction cups were used to extract soil solution at 30 and 60 cm soil depths for all 36 experimental plots. Soil NO₃-N content of 0-30 and 30-60-cm layers were evaluated at planting and harvest maturity. Total N uptake (NU) by the crop was also determined. Maximum NO₃-N leaching out of the 60-cm soil layer was 8.43 kg N ha⁻¹, for the 142 kg N ha⁻¹ and over irrigation (1.13 SMD) treatment. The minimum and maximum seasonal average NO₃ concentration at the 60 cm depth was 46 and 138 mg l⁻¹, respectively. Based on our findings, it is possible to control NO₃ leaching out of the root zone during the growing season with a proper combination of irrigation and fertilizer management.     

我国蔬菜清洗技术的研究现状与展望

蔬菜清洗是蔬菜加工过程中的重要的环节,它直接影响蔬菜加工的质量。随着人们生活水平的提高,蔬菜需求量不断增加,推动了蔬菜清洗技术的发展。探讨了蔬菜加工中应用的各种清洗技术,简要阐述了我国蔬菜清洗技术的未来发展方向。